Taiwan. Illustrated guide. in Japanese.

Taiwan. Illustrated guide. in Japanese.

Without output data and pagination, times of Japanese Taiwan (1895-1945). 94 pages with illustrations, pasted with tracing paper. One insert with a map, two inserts with panoramic illustrations. Soft cover with a relief image, fabric spine, size 18 x 25 cm. Good condition. There is no back cover, spots, and a fragment of the spine is lost.

In the ancient Chinese Chronicles "HOU Han Shu" (period of the East. Han-25-220) and "San Guo Zhi" (San Guo period — 220-265) contain the first mention of an island that appears in them under the name yizhou (barbarian island). Since the sui period (581-618), Taiwan was most often referred to as Liuqiu (after a small Kingdom in the southwestern part of the island). Under the modern name of the island is found in written sources since 1599.

Trade and navigation through the Taiwan Strait between mainland China and the island began long before the Chinese developed it. The first Chinese military expedition to Taiwan was marked in 230. In 610, the 10,000-strong Chinese army made a new campaign to Taiwan and Penghuledao, after which communications between China and these Islands became more regular. In the 12th century, Taiwan was officially incorporated into China as part of Fujian province. In 1360, due to the growing military importance of the island, the supervision Authority was founded on it, which was the first Chinese local authority in Taiwan. During this period, immigration to the island from Fujian and Guangdong provinces increased. The process of development of the island by the Chinese accelerated, agriculture and crafts developed. The indigenous people (gaoshan tribes) were pushed into mountainous areas, and Chinese settlers began to develop coastal fertile land and develop fishing in coastal waters.

From the end of the XVI — beginning of the XVII centuries, foreign invaders began to invade Taiwan. At first, they were Japanese feudal lords and pirates who tried to gain a foothold in Keelung, Kaohsiung, and Hualien. However, with the help of reinforcements sent from Fujian, they were repulsed.

In 1550, the Portuguese sailed past Taiwan, giving the island the name Formosa (Beautiful). In 1622, it came under the control of the Dutch East India company. In 1626, Spain sent its warships to Taiwan, and it managed to gain a foothold in the Northern part of the island. The struggle for possession of Taiwan between Holland and Spain ended in favor of the former by 1642.

In September 1652, a major revolt of the Chinese population and natives led by Guo Huai broke out against the Dutch colonizers. Despite the defeat of the main rebel forces, only the Northern and South-Western regions of the island remained under the control of the East India company.

Dutch Formosa lasted until 1661, when the Dutch Fort of Zeeland (Taiwan) (now part of the Anpin district of Tainan) and the Swedish commander Frederick Coyet capitulated to an army of refugees from China who remained loyal to the deposed Ming dynasty. At the head of the Chinese invasion was Admiral Coking (Zheng Cheng). Under him and his descendants, the Chinese population of Taiwan (or Dongning, as It was called in those years) increased to 200,000.

Zheng Cheng and his supporters created an independent state on the island, turning it into a base of struggle against the Manchus, who overthrew the Ming dynasty in China and established their Qing dynasty. It took the Manchus 22 years to subjugate Taiwan to the Qing emperors in 1683 through an economic blockade and with the help of the Dutch.

In 1683, the Manchu army of the Qing dynasty landed in Taiwan; the island was incorporated into the Chinese province of Fujian. The Eastern shores of the island remained quite deserted during the XVIII century, but in the XIX century, Amoy traders sowed the entire territory of the island with rice and tea, which were exported, primarily to Japan. At the time of the 1842 census, Taiwan had 2.5 million inhabitants.

In 1875, Taipei became the capital of Northern Taiwan. In 1886, Taiwan was made a separate province of China. The defeat in the war with the Japanese forced the Qing government to cede Taiwan to Japan in 1895. Chinese patriots tried to form an independent state in Taiwan , the "Taiwan Republic", but this attempt was quickly suppressed by the Japanese.

From 1895 to 1945, the island was part of the Empire of Japan and was divided into several prefectures: Taihoku, Shintiku, Taityu, Tainan, Takao, Tarenko, Taito, and Hoko. After the defeat of Japan in world war II, the island became part of the Republic of China.

In 1949, after being defeated in the civil war by Mao Zedong's forces, the head of the government of the Republic of China, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, took refuge in Taiwan. Along with him, his Kuomintang party, the administration, and the Parliament — a National Assembly made up of representatives from all Chinese provinces-moved there. The total number of refugees from mainland China to Taiwan was about 2 million. The re-election of the Parliament was supposed to be held after the liberation of mainland China from the Communists. Due to the fact that the return to the mainland did not take place, the deputies ' work was reduced to extending the powers of Chiang Kai — shek, and after His death in 1975, his son and de facto successor, Jiang Jing, was elected President in 1978. In 1975-1978, the President was Yan Jiagang, who served as Vice President under Chiang Kai-shek.

Martial law in Taiwan, which was returned to China after Japan's defeat in world war II, was imposed on may 19, 1949, primarily to combat Taiwanese separatism (see "Incident 228)". After the Kuomintang Republican government fled to Taiwan, martial law continued until 1987. Martial law in Taiwan was the longest of similar events in history, it lasted 38 years.

The Taiwanese government has built a strong defensive system on the Islands, including the Kinmen archipelago, which lies in direct sight of the coast of Fujian province (Xiamen), to repel the PLA's military invasion. Periodically in the 1950s, the military confrontation between the PRC and the Republic of China flowed into a hot phase, when there were armed clashes, enemy artillery attacks, and secret special operations.

Thanks to the infrastructure base that remained after Japanese colonization and the modernization measures taken by the Kuomintang government, Taiwan gradually developed into a prosperous industrial country in the 1960s and 1970s, becoming one of the "Four Asian tigers".

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